A Light–Gravity Information Model of Conscious Identity: EEG Frequency, Information Activation, and Gravitational Confinement

This paper introduces a formal information-theoretic model linking electrophysiological oscillations, relativistic propagation constants, and identity coherence. The proposed identity function is I ( t )=c f ( t )−g ( t ) , where c is the speed of light, g ( t ) represents an effective gravitational confinement term, and f ( t ) is a dimensionless frequency coefficient derived from normalized EEG oscillations. We demonstrate that real neural frequencies, when mapped to the 0–1 interval, produce identity values that follow a pattern analogous to the transition between information-confining and information-releasing phases in black-hole evaporation models such as Page-curve dynamics. The model predicts the existence of a measurable identity threshold near the upper bound of human EEG frequency spectra (∼80–100 Hz). This threshold marks the transition between negative identity (information confined), neutral identity (information-balanced), and positive identity (information activated). These results motivate testable hypotheses in computational neuroscience and consciousness studies, propose a new bridge between information physics and neural coherence, and offer a compact formalism for quantifying identity as an information activation variable.

Introduction Neural oscillations contribute to communication, large-scale integration, and information coordination in the human brain. High-frequency gamma-band activity is associated with sensory binding, attention, working memory, and states of heightened integration. Gamma band electrical activity refers to EEG oscillations approximately 30–100 Hz in localized central neural pathways . High-gamma activity (80–150 Hz) has been observed in human cortical recordings and is strongly modulated by selective attention . Studies of gamma rhythms report a range of definitions for the gamma band: some restrict it to 30–90 Hz, others extend it to 30– 120 Hz, and still others to 30–150 Hz .

Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity is traditionally divided into frequency bands such as delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), sigma (12–16 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz), with gamma (30–80 Hz) and high-frequency oscillations (¿ 80 Hz) occurring at the upper end of the spectrum . These bands represent characteristic rhythms associated with distinct behavioral and cognitive states. In parallel with neuroscience, theoretical physics has developed sophisticated models of information flow in strongly gravitating systems. Hawking’s discovery that black holes radiate thermally implies that they evaporate, giving rise to the black-hole information paradox.

Modern analyses show that the von Neumann entropy of Hawking radiation should first increase and then decrease if the evaporation process is unitary; the resulting “Page curve” quantifies the transition from information confinement to information release. This interplay between quantum information and gravity motivates exploring analogous dynamics in other systems.

This work proposes a mathematical analogy between these domains. We introduce an identity activation function that captures the balance between: (i) information propagation at the universal limit (c f ( t )), (ii) information confinement associated with gravitational influences ( g ( t )), and (iii) internally generated frequency structure measured through EEG. We do not claim a causal role of gravity in neural function. Rather, we adopt the light–gravity competition from relativistic information theory as a mathematical metaphor to quantify identity activation and information coherence within neural dynamics.

The model is empirically testable and provides a framework linking neuroscience and fundamental physics. Mathematical Framework We define the identity activation function as I ( t )=c f ( t )−g ( t ) , where c is the speed of light , f ( t )∈[ 0 ,1) is a normalized EEG frequency coefficient, and g ( t ) is an effective information-confinement term analogous to gravitational trapping. The term c f ( t ) describes the system’s information-activation capacity, while g ( t ) denotes its information-retention or collapse tendency. To map physical EEG frequencies into a dimensionless interval, we define f ( t )= f E EG ( t ) f max , with f max=100 Hz reflecting the approximate upper bound of high-gamma oscillations in human recordings. Thus delta rhythms (2 Hz) map to f =0.02, theta (6 Hz) to f =0.06, alpha (10 Hz) to f =0.10, beta (20 Hz) to f =0.20, gamma (40 Hz) to f =0.40, and high-gamma (80 Hz) to f =0.80 . General relativity predicts that gravitational waves propagate at the speed of light; indeed, gravitational waves “travel at the speed of light” . Consequently, we set g ( t )=c for initial analysis, obtaining I ( t )=c [ f ( t )−1) . Negative identity (I <0) occurs when neural oscillatory frequency is below the light–gravity threshold (f <1); I=0 occurs when the frequency equals the threshold; and positive identity ( I >0) results when neural coherence exceeds this threshold. This structure parallels the escape of information from evaporating black holes, where identity transitions from negative to zero to positive as correlation structure increases. Application to Real EEG Frequencies Using published EEG frequency bands, Table 1 computes identity values according to [identity].

The identity function increases monotonically with frequency and crosses zero near the upper limit of high-gamma. Identity values computed from representative EEG frequencies. Band Mean frequency f E EG Normalized f =f E EG /100 Identity I ( t )=c ( f −1) (m/s) Delta 2 Hz 0.02 −2.94×108 Theta 6 Hz 0.06 −2.82×108 Alpha 10 Hz 0.10 −2.70×108 Beta 20 Hz 0.20 −2.40×108 Gamma 40 Hz 0.40 −1.80×108 High gamma 80 Hz 0.80 −6.0×107 Threshold 100 Hz 1.00 0 Supra-gamma 120 Hz 1.20 +6.0×107 High-frequency intracranial recordings indicate that gamma activity in the 80–150 Hz range is strongly modulated by selective attention .

These “high-gamma” responses are thought to reflect broadband population firing and may extend beyond the traditional 40-Hz gamma band. The identity model suggests that when EEG coherence enters this high-gamma range, identity activation approaches or exceeds the gravitational threshold. Correspondence with Gravitational Information Models In black-hole physics, the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation initially increases as radiation is emitted and information appears to be lost. At a characteristic “Page time” the entropy reaches a maximum and then decreases if the evaporation process is unitary; the resulting “Page curve” captures the transition from information confinement to information release. Our identity function follows a similar pattern: low-frequency neural states correspond to negative identity, high-gamma activity approaches a zero-identity boundary, and supragamma coherence yields positive identity. Thus the model provides a metaphorical correspondence between neural information dynamics and black-hole evaporation.

Predictions The model yields testable predictions: 1. Identity activation correlates positively with EEG frequency. Cognitive tasks that enhance gamma-band power should correspond to increased identity activation. 2. An identity threshold exists near 80–100 Hz. Crossing this threshold should align with increased integration or unusual perceptual clarity. 3. Supra-gamma coherence (100 Hz) yields positive identity values. Such high-frequency bursts have been reported during intense concentration and advanced meditation, suggesting a plausible link between coherent high-gamma oscillations and heightened states of consciousness. These hypotheses can be evaluated using high-density EEG or electrocorticography in conjunction with cognitive and meditative tasks. Discussion The light–gravity identity model provides a compact, mathematically consistent structure for relating neural oscillatory coherence to an information-theoretic activation index. While speculative, the model is grounded in measurable neurophysiological variables and draws on contemporary understanding of information flow in gravitational systems. It does not assume actual gravitational effects in neural tissue; rather, it adopts the competition between information propagation and confinement as an analogy to describe identity dynamics.

The threshold behavior predicted by the model invites empirical exploration and may offer new insights into the neural correlates of consciousness. Conclusion We have proposed a novel identity activation function based on the competition between lightspeed information propagation and gravitational information confinement. By normalizing EEG frequencies and mapping them onto a dimensionless interval, we derived a simple expression for identity and demonstrated that high-frequency neural oscillations approach or exceed a critical threshold. The model draws a parallel with black-hole information dynamics and yields concrete, testable predictions. Future work will involve empirical validation using EEG and intracranial datasets, numerical simulations, and exploration of potential links between high gamma coherence and states of heightened awareness.

This research received no specific funding. 9 B. McDermott, E. Porter, D. Hughes, B. McGinley, M. Lang, M. O’Halloran, and M. Jones, “Gamma band neural stimulation in humans and the promise of a new modality to prevent and treat Alzheimer’s disease,” J. Alzheimers Dis., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 363–392, 2018. Gamma electrical activity refers to EEG oscillations at approximately 30–100 Hz, with the 40 Hz point of particular interest.

S. Ray, E. Niebur, S. S. Hsiao, A. Sinai, and N. E. Crone, “High-frequency gamma activity (80– 150 Hz) is increased in human cortex during selective attention,” Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 119, pp. 116–133, 2007. The increase in gamma activity was greatest between 80 and 150 Hz and was strongly linked to selective attention.

C. Fernández-Ruiz, et al., “The gamma rhythm as a guardian of brain health,” eLife, vol. 12, e100238, 2023. Gamma frequency bands vary across studies, with some restricting the band to 30–90 Hz and others extending it to 30–120 Hz or even 30–150 Hz.

C. S. Nayak and A. C. Anilkumar, “EEG normal waveforms,” in StatPearls [Internet], Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025. Key EEG waveforms include delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4– 7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), sigma (12–16 Hz), and beta (13–30 Hz); gamma waves span 30–80 Hz, and high-frequency oscillations exceed 80 Hz.

LIGO Laboratory, “What are gravitational waves?,” Caltech, 2025. Gravitational waves are predicted by general relativity and travel at the speed of light.